{"id":1969,"date":"2013-08-08T10:54:29","date_gmt":"2013-08-08T15:24:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/?p=1969"},"modified":"2013-08-13T09:59:17","modified_gmt":"2013-08-13T14:29:17","slug":"how-to-present-statistics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/how-to-present-statistics\/","title":{"rendered":"How to present statistics without boring your audience"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnchow.com\/6-effective-ways-to-write-a-boring-headline\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1971\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/how-to-present-statistics\/boring_lecture\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"500,309\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"boring_lecture\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture.jpeg\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1971\" alt=\"boring_lecture\" src=\"http:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture.jpeg\" width=\"500\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture-300x185.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture-160x98.jpeg 160w, https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture-260x160.jpeg 260w, https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/boring_lecture-360x222.jpeg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A few days ago I found a very valuable, yet free resource for improving the way we report statistics.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unece.org\/stats\/documents\/writing.html\" target=\"_blank\">Making Data Meaningful<\/a> is a series of short, sweet and free ebooks created by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as a practical tool to improve the way charts, tables and statistical data are presented to the general public.<\/p>\n<p>Don&#8217;t be deterred by the official designed-by-committee air that a UN publication may have, this are books inspired by the latest trends on mass communications and data visualization. In it you will find several references to some of my favorite books: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0970601972\/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0970601972&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=text-media-20\" target=\"_blank\">Few&#8217;s &#8220;Show Me The Numbers&#8221;<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/0961392142\/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0961392142&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=text-media-20\" target=\"_blank\">Tufte&#8217;s &#8220;The Visual Display of Quantitative Information&#8221;<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>I particularly like Part 1, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unece.org\/fileadmin\/DAM\/stats\/documents\/writing\/MDM_Part1_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A guide to writing stories about numbers<\/a>&#8220;, because in a very concise manner, it proposes a way of changing your approach to presenting statistics. Starting from the language. Look at this wonderful summary:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Use:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Language that people understand;<\/li>\n<li>Short sentences, short paragraphs;<\/li>\n<li>One main idea per paragraph;<\/li>\n<li>Subheadings to guide the reader&#8217;s eye;<\/li>\n<li>Simple language: \u201cGet,\u201d not \u201cacquire.\u201d \u201cAbout,\u201d not \u201capproximately.\u201d \u201cSame,\u201d not \u201cidentical\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>Bulleted lists for easy scanning;<\/li>\n<li>A good editor. Go beyond Spell-Check; ask a colleague to read your article;<\/li>\n<li>Active voice. \u201cWe found that&#8230;\u201d Not: \u201cIt was found that&#8230;.\u201d;<\/li>\n<li>Numbers in a consistent fashion: For example, choose 20 or twenty, and stick with your choice;<\/li>\n<li>Rounded numbers (both long decimals and big numbers);<\/li>\n<li>Embedded quotes (these are sentences that generally explain \u201chow\u201d or \u201cwhy\u201d,<\/li>\n<li>and which journalists like to use verbatim in their news stories in quotes);<\/li>\n<li>URLs, or electronic links, to provide your reader with a full report containing further information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Avoid:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cElevator statistics\u201d: This went up, this went down, this went up;<\/li>\n<li>argon and technical terms;<\/li>\n<li>Acronyms;<\/li>\n<li>All capital letters and all italics: Mixed upper and lower case is easier to read;<\/li>\n<li>\u201cTable reading\u201d, that is, describing every cell of a complex table in your text.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And then, they present several ways on how you could improve your writing skills:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Not Good:<\/strong><br \/>\nFrom January to August, the total square metres of utility floor space building starts rose by 20.5% from the January to August period last year.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Better:<\/strong><br \/>\nIn the first eight months of 2004, the amount of utility floor space started was about 20% higher than in the same period of 2003.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Also, another wonderful summary about <a href=\"http:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/en\/how-to-create-better-charts\/\" target=\"_blank\">creating better charts<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>Achieve clarity in your graphics by:<\/li>\n<li>Using solids rather than patterns for line styles and fills;<\/li>\n<li>Avoiding data point markers on line graphs;<\/li>\n<li>Using data values on a graph only if they don&#8217;t interfere with the reader&#8217;s ability to see the big picture;<\/li>\n<li>Starting the Y axis scale at zero;<\/li>\n<li>Using only one unit of measurement per graphic;<\/li>\n<li>Using two-dimensional designs for two-dimensional data;<\/li>\n<li>Making all text on the graph easy to understand;\n<ul>\n<li>Not using abbreviations;<\/li>\n<li>Avoiding acronyms;<\/li>\n<li>Writing labels from left to right;<\/li>\n<li>Using proper grammar;<\/li>\n<li>Avoiding legends except on maps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Few people stop to think about how others will interpret or read their findings. Others are delusional enough that they deliberately stay away from this &#8220;journalistic style&#8221; and think that numbers speak for themselves. That&#8217;s rarely the case.<\/p>\n<p>Even if you have a chart that tries to explain the numbers, you still have to put up some work to make those statistics interesting enough so that they stand out and you don&#8217;t bore or confuse your audience. You have to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/en\/telling-stories-with-charts\/\" target=\"_blank\">tell a compelling story<\/a>, you have to incite curiosity, questioning and further exploration. Even if you&#8217;re doing a private report, you have to be a journalist and a storyteller.<\/p>\n<p>So if you want a quick crash course on the subject, go on the UNECE website, download <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unece.org\/stats\/documents\/writing.html\" target=\"_blank\">Making Data Meaningful<\/a> and give it a read.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A few days ago I found a very valuable, yet free resource for improving the way we report statistics. Making Data Meaningful is a series of short, sweet and free ebooks created by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as a practical tool to improve the way charts, tables and statistical data are presented&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/how-to-present-statistics\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">How to present statistics without boring your audience<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[172],"tags":[197],"class_list":["post-1969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-projectmanagement-en","tag-visualization","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel Pradilla\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/how-to-present-statistics\/\" \/>\n\t<meta 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18:17:28","updated":"2025-08-25 23:26:40","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/projectmanagement-en\/\" title=\"Project Mgmt.\">Project Mgmt.<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tHow to present statistics without boring your audience\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog"},{"label":"Project Mgmt.","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/projectmanagement-en\/"},{"label":"How to present statistics without 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It's a thorough but simple introduction to data collection and visualization, very thoroughly written and chock full of great advice. \u00a0 It's open-source too, published in its present form using O'Reilly's Atlas e-publishing\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Project Mgmt.&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Project Mgmt.","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/projectmanagement-en\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"data-design-cover","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/data-design-cover.png?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/data-design-cover.png?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/data-design-cover.png?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/data-design-cover.png?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1939,"url":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/drawing-the-world-by-hand\/","url_meta":{"origin":1969,"position":1},"title":"Drawing the world by hand","author":"Daniel Pradilla","date":"02\/04\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"At Lucerne's Gletschergarten,\u00a0among old maps, models and reliefs of the Swiss Alps, we'll find an expo from Ueli L\u00e4uppi, a local cartographer that makes hand drawings and colorings of maps using a particular projection that highlights a thorough representation of the mountains. Moreover, L\u00e4uppi has moved his studio to the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Best of&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Best of","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/bestof\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/pluviosidad.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/pluviosidad.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/pluviosidad.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1886,"url":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/how-to-create-a-dashboard\/","url_meta":{"origin":1969,"position":2},"title":"How to create a dashboard","author":"Daniel Pradilla","date":"12\/02\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Consider the dashboard of a car: in it, the driver can see the most important data: speed, RPM, mileage, etc. The dashboard displays decision-making information, in a graphical manner, in a single place. The information dashboards should comply with the same requirements: Although not necessarily copying the model of a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Best of&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Best of","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/bestof\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/car-dashboard-2.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":2436,"url":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/classification-visualized\/","url_meta":{"origin":1969,"position":3},"title":"Classification, visualized","author":"Daniel Pradilla","date":"15\/05\/2026","format":false,"excerpt":"The other day, I was tinkering with model parameters and second-guessing myself. I wondered, wouldn't it be cool if i could compare side by side the results of different models? Yeah, it would. I ended up building a small interactive explainer for seeing how different classification and clustering approaches behave\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Best of&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Best of","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/bestof\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SCR-20260515-urdl.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SCR-20260515-urdl.jpeg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SCR-20260515-urdl.jpeg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SCR-20260515-urdl.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/SCR-20260515-urdl.jpeg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2020,"url":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/zoomdata-bi-without-etl\/","url_meta":{"origin":1969,"position":4},"title":"Zoomdata: BI without ETL","author":"Daniel Pradilla","date":"29\/10\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"This weekend I took a few minutes to test Zoomdata. And when I say minutes, I literally mean minutes. These guys have done an amazing job to provide a quick mobile-ready demo that you can download as a VM, or as I did, install from an RPM package in a\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Project Mgmt.&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Project Mgmt.","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/projectmanagement-en\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"zoomdata","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/zoomdata.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/zoomdata.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/zoomdata.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/zoomdata.jpg?resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":1973,"url":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/improve-sap-business-objects\/","url_meta":{"origin":1969,"position":5},"title":"How to improve your Business Objects charts","author":"Daniel Pradilla","date":"13\/08\/2013","format":false,"excerpt":"Business Objects, SAP's BI platform, is notoriously bad for data visualization. Somehow, it empowers the developers to make all the wrong decisions at the same time and create really ugly and unusable \"dashboards\". Lately, I've seen my share of ugly bobip visualizations, like the one above. Which would seem ok\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Project Mgmt.&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Project Mgmt.","link":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/category\/projectmanagement-en\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"disaster, disguised as a \"dashboard\"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Slide-5-SAP-BusinessObjects-4.0-Event-Insight2.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Slide-5-SAP-BusinessObjects-4.0-Event-Insight2.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Slide-5-SAP-BusinessObjects-4.0-Event-Insight2.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1969"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1969\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danielpradilla.info\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}